Baked beans are a beloved dish worldwide, featured in various cuisines from American cookouts to British breakfasts. The central ingredient in this classic dish is, of course, the beans. But have you ever wondered what type of beans are actually used in baked beans? In this article, we’ll explore the different types of beans commonly used, why certain beans are preferred, and how you can make delicious baked beans from scratch.
1. Introduction to Baked Beans
Baked beans have a rich history that dates back centuries. Initially, indigenous peoples in the Americas used clay pots to slow-cook beans with maple syrup, creating a deliciously sweet and savory dish. Later, the recipe evolved into the baked beans we know today, with variations emerging across the globe.
The core of baked beans is, naturally, the beans themselves. However, there are multiple types of beans you can use, each offering a unique flavor, texture, and nutritional benefit.
The History of Baked Beans
Baked beans have roots that go deep into American history, particularly with Native American and colonial traditions. The original recipe involved slow-cooking beans with sweeteners like maple syrup or molasses, and sometimes the addition of meats. This evolved further with the incorporation of tomatoes, bacon, and various spices. The dish became a staple in many American households during the colonial period and eventually found its way into British cuisine, where it’s often paired with toast.
2. What Are Baked Beans?
Baked beans are essentially a slow-cooked bean dish that is traditionally prepared with some form of sweetener, sauce, and sometimes meat like bacon or pork. The most common version you might be familiar with is canned baked beans, which often come in a tomato-based sauce.
However, if you’re looking to elevate this dish, preparing homemade baked beans from scratch can significantly improve both the flavor and nutritional value. You can control the sweetness, saltiness, and additional ingredients to customize the dish to your taste.
Baked beans are not just an American favorite. In the UK, baked beans are an essential part of a full English breakfast, served on toast or alongside eggs, sausage, and bacon. The basic ingredients include beans, sauce (often tomato-based), and sweeteners like molasses, brown sugar, or maple syrup.
For a deep dive into how baked beans have influenced modern cuisine, check out this History of Baked Beans, which traces its journey through the centuries.
3. The Role of Beans in Baked Beans
You might be wondering, why are beans such an essential part of baked beans? Besides providing the bulk of the dish, beans are incredibly nutritious. They are rich in protein, fiber, and essential vitamins and minerals. Moreover, beans are versatile and absorb the flavors of whatever sauce or seasoning you cook them with, making them the perfect base for a wide variety of baked bean recipes.
But not all beans are created equal. Different types of beans offer unique flavors and textures, which is why it’s crucial to choose the right one for your dish. The most common beans used in baked beans are navy beans, pinto beans, and great northern beans. Each brings its own qualities to the table, which we’ll discuss in detail.
For more on the nutritional advantages of these beans, you can explore the Nutritional Benefits of Navy Beans.
4. Types of Beans Used in Baked Beans
There are several varieties of beans that can be used in baked beans, but three types stand out for their popularity: navy beans, pinto beans, and great northern beans.
Navy Beans
Navy beans are by far the most common type of bean used in traditional baked beans. These small, white beans are mild in flavor and have a soft, creamy texture that makes them perfect for slow-cooking in a sweet or savory sauce.
Why Navy Beans?
- Small and soft texture: Navy beans are tender and blend well with sauces.
- Absorbent: These beans soak up the flavors of the sauces they’re cooked in.
- Nutritional powerhouse: Navy beans are packed with protein, fiber, and essential nutrients like iron and magnesium.
Because of their mild flavor and ability to absorb other flavors, navy beans are an ideal base for a wide variety of baked beans recipes. Whether you’re making a classic American-style dish with molasses and bacon or a British-style version with tomato sauce, navy beans will provide the perfect texture.
Pinto Beans
While pinto beans are not as commonly used in baked beans as navy beans, they are still a great option for those who prefer a slightly firmer texture and earthier flavor. Pinto beans are more substantial and bring a deeper, more robust flavor profile to the dish.
Why Pinto Beans?
- Earthy flavor: Pinto beans add a richer, more complex taste.
- Firm texture: They hold up well during slow cooking without becoming too soft.
Some chefs and home cooks prefer to use pinto beans in their baked beans because they offer a more distinct flavor compared to the more neutral-tasting navy beans.
Great Northern Beans
Another type of white bean that can be used in baked beans is the great northern bean. Slightly larger than navy beans but still small and delicate, great northern beans are sometimes used in baked beans for a slightly firmer bite.
Why Great Northern Beans?
- Firm and hearty: These beans maintain their shape during cooking.
- Versatile: Like navy beans, great northern beans absorb flavors well but retain more of their structure.
Though less common, great northern beans can be a good substitute if you’re looking for a bean that holds its shape a bit better during the cooking process.
5. Why Navy Beans Are Most Common
Now that we’ve covered the various types of beans that can be used in baked beans, it’s clear why navy beans are the most popular choice.
History and Origin of Navy Beans
The name navy beans comes from their historical use as a staple food for the U.S. Navy. They were prized for their long shelf life, high nutritional value, and ability to be easily cooked in large batches. Today, they are the go-to bean for baked beans due to their neutral flavor and soft texture.
Navy beans are also widely available and affordable, making them the top choice for both commercial and homemade baked bean recipes.
6. How Beans Are Prepared for Baked Beans
When preparing beans for baked beans, there are a few essential steps you need to follow to achieve the perfect texture and flavor.
Soaking the Beans
To prepare dry navy beans, pinto beans, or great northern beans for baking, you first need to soak them. Soaking the beans overnight softens them and reduces their cooking time. It also helps remove some of the starches and sugars that can cause bloating or gas.
- Step 1: Rinse the beans thoroughly to remove any dirt or debris.
- Step 2: Place the beans in a large bowl and cover them with water. Make sure the beans are fully submerged.
- Step 3: Let the beans soak for at least 8-12 hours.
Cooking the Beans
Once the beans have soaked, you’ll need to cook them before incorporating them into your baked bean recipe. Here’s how:
- Step 1: Drain the beans and transfer them to a large pot.
- Step 2: Cover the beans with fresh water and bring them to a boil.
- Step 3: Once the water boils, reduce the heat and let the beans simmer for 45 minutes to an hour, or until they are tender.
By soaking and pre-cooking the beans, you ensure they have the right texture when they are baked with sauce and seasoning. Be sure to reserve some of the cooking liquid to add moisture during the baking process.
7. Variations of Baked Beans Around the World
Baked beans may have originated in the United States, but they have since spread to various cultures and cuisines, each with its own unique twist.
American Baked Beans
In the U.S., baked beans are typically prepared with navy beans, molasses, and bacon. This version is a sweet and savory side dish that often accompanies barbecues, burgers, or hot dogs.
- Ingredients: Navy beans, molasses, brown sugar, bacon, mustard, ketchup.
- Flavor: Sweet and smoky, with a deep molasses undertone.
British Baked Beans
Across the Atlantic, the British have their own version of baked beans, which is quite different from the American variety. In the UK, baked beans are served in a tomato-based sauce and are often enjoyed as part of a traditional English breakfast.
- Ingredients: Navy beans, tomato sauce, sugar, salt.
- Flavor: Tangy and slightly sweet, with a prominent tomato flavor.
Homemade Variations
Whether you’re in the U.S. or the UK, there are endless ways to customize your baked beans. Some popular add-ins include:
- Meat: Add bacon, ham, or sausage for a heartier dish.
- Sweeteners: Use maple syrup, honey, or molasses to adjust the sweetness.
- Spices: Experiment with chili powder, cumin, or smoked paprika for added flavor.
8. Nutritional Aspects of Beans in Baked Beans
Beans are not just a tasty addition to your meal; they are also highly nutritious. Baked beans made from scratch offer numerous health benefits, particularly when you control the ingredients.
- High in Protein: Beans are an excellent source of plant-based protein.
- Rich in Fiber: Eating beans can aid digestion and help regulate blood sugar levels.
- Low in Fat: When prepared without excessive amounts of sugar or fat, baked beans are a low-fat, nutritious dish.
9. Popular Additions to Baked Beans
When making baked beans, there are plenty of ways to customize the dish to suit your taste. Here are a few popular additions:
- Bacon and Pork: Adding bacon or other pork products gives the beans a smoky, savory flavor.
- Sweeteners: Many recipes call for molasses, brown sugar, or maple syrup to add sweetness.
- Spices: Enhance the flavor of your baked beans by adding mustard, chili powder, or barbecue sauce.
By mixing and matching these ingredients, you can create a dish that perfectly fits your palate.
10. Frequently Asked Questions
Can you use any type of beans for baked beans?
While navy beans are the traditional choice, you can use a variety of beans in baked beans, including pinto beans or great northern beans. Just be sure to adjust the cooking time accordingly based on the type of bean you’re using.
How do you prepare beans for baked beans?
To prepare beans for baked beans, you’ll first need to soak them overnight, then cook them until they are tender. After cooking, they can be combined with sauce and seasoning before being baked.
Can baked beans be made in a slow cooker?
Yes, you can make baked beans in a slow cooker. Simply prepare the beans as usual, then transfer them to a slow cooker with your sauce and seasoning. Cook on low for 6-8 hours or on high for 3-4 hours.
What is the difference between canned and homemade baked beans?
Canned baked beans are convenient but often contain added sugars and preservatives. Homemade baked beans, on the other hand, allow you to control the ingredients, making them a healthier and more flavorful option.
Why are navy beans traditionally used in baked beans?
Navy beans are preferred for baked beans because they have a mild flavor, a soft texture, and they absorb the flavors of the sauce and seasonings well.
11. Conclusion: Choosing the Right Beans for Baked Beans
When it comes to making the perfect batch of baked beans, choosing the right type of bean is essential. Navy beans are the most common choice due to their soft texture and ability to absorb flavors, but pinto beans and great northern beans are excellent alternatives if you’re looking for a firmer or more robust flavor.
By understanding the different types of beans available and how to prepare them, you can elevate your baked bean recipe to a whole new level. Whether you’re serving them at a barbecue, as a side dish, or as part of a traditional breakfast, homemade baked beans will always be a crowd-pleaser.